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5
Structural Lightning Safety

5.1 Background Issues
 
5.1.1
The Physics of Structural Lightning Safety
 
5.1.2
Atmospheric Charge Redistribution
 
5.1.3
Determining the Probability of Lightning Striking a FacilityUpdated 5/3/04
 
5.1.4
Lightning Risk and Hazard Analysis Measurement
 
5.1.5
Zone or Fortress Protection Concept
 
5.1.6
Effects of Lightning on Assets, Facilities and Structures - By GAM Odam
 
5.1.7
21st Century Lightning Safety For Environments Containing Sensitive Electronics, Explosives, and Volatile Substances Updated 4/27/05
 
5.1.8
New International Standard for Lightning Protection, IEC 62305 Added 4/26/05
 

5.1.9

The Basis of Conventional Lightning Protection Technology - Report of the Federal Interagency Lightning Protection User Group (1.5-MB PDF file)
  5.1.10 Lightning Safety Decision Tree for Facilities
Added 7/21/03
5.2 Surge Protection Issues
 
5.2.1
Ode to the Missing Surge Protector
 
5.2.2
Overvoltages: Cause, Effect & Mitigation 
 
5.2.3
Guidelines for Providing Surge Protection at Commercial, Institutional and Industrial Facilities - By Matthew T. Glennon
 
5.2.4
Advanced Control of Transients - By Rajeev Thottappillil
 
5.2.5
NLSI Recommendations for Surge Protection Devices
5.3 Grounding and Bonding Issues
 
5.3.1
Recommended Grounding Guidelines 
 
5.3.2
Definition of Terms Used in Grounding
 
5.3.3
An Examination of Lightning-Strike-Grounding Physics - By C.B. Moore, G.D. Aulich and William Rison (268-KB PDF file)
 
5.3.4
Relative Advantages and Disadvantages of the Principal Types of Earth Electrodes
 
Note:
Do you have a difficult grounding situation? NLSI achieves 10 ohms in virtually any soil situation. Contact us today!
5.4 Air Terminals
 
5.4.1
Fundamentals of Lightning Protection
 
5.4.2
Lightning Rods - Recent Investigations
 
5.4.3
Scientists Oppose Early Streamer Air Terminals - By Abdul M. Mousa
 
5.4.4
Charge Transfer System is Wishful Thinking, Not Science - A letter from a NLSI contributor
 
5.4.5
The Applicability Of Lightning Elimination Devices To Substations And Power Lines - By Abdul M. Mousa, Fellow, IEEE British Columbia Hydro (Word file)
 
5.4.6
ESE Air Terminals Ruling by US Federal District Court (76-KB PDF file) Added 1/22/04
 

5.4.7

There Is No Magic To Lightning Protection: Charge Transfer Systems Do Not Prevent Lightning Strikes - By William Rison (32-KB PDF file)
 

5.4.8

A Critical Review of Nonconventional Approaches to Lightning Protection - By M.A. Uman and V.A. Rakov (768-KB PDF file)
5.5 Site-Specific Issues
 
5.5.1
Lightning Hazard Reduction at Wind Farms
 
5.5.2
GIS-Based Study of Lightning Damages - By Lin Cao, Wei-Ning Xiang, and Joseph C. Wilson
 
5.5.3
Overview of Lightning Detector Equipment Updated 4/24/05
 
5.5.4
Should Lightning Rods be Installed?
 
5.5.5
Small Shelters and Safety from Lightning
 
5.5.6
Lightning Safety for Dispatch Communications Centers
Added 2/25/04

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National Lightning Safety Institute
Providing expert training and consulting for lightning problems